Why does the 3060 have 12GB VRAM?

The 3060 uses a 192-bit memory bus which is slower than the 3060 Ti’s 256-bit memory bus. The reason the 3060 uses 12GB is because 192-bit cards have 6 memory chips used over six lanes (32×6=192). A 256-bit card uses 8 chips on 8 lanes (8×32=256). The 32 is the memory bandwidth of each memory chip (32-bit).